Abstract
CuO/MgAl2O4 and CuO/MgFe2O4 catalysts were successfully synthesized with the use of spinel supports by a very simple and low-cost mechanochemical method. High-speed ball-milling was used to synthesize these catalyst supports for the first time. Materials were subsequently characterized by using XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDS-Dot mapping, XPS, BET-BJH, and Magnetic Susceptibility to investigate the physical-chemical characteristics of the catalysts. Acidity evaluation results indicated that the catalyst with the Mg-Al spinel support had more acid sites. XRD results showed a successful synthesis of the catalysts with large crystal sizes. Both catalysts were used in isoeugenol oxidation and vanillyl alcohol to vanillin reactions, with the CuO/MgAl2O4 showing optimum results. This catalyst provided 67% conversion (74% selectivity) after 2 h and this value improved to 81% (selectivity 100%) with the second reaction after 8 h. The CuO/MgFe2O4 catalyst in the first reaction after five hours revealed 53% conversion (47% selectivity) and after eight hours with the second reaction, the conversion value improved to 64% (100% selectivity). In terms of reusability, CuO/MgAl2O4 showed better results than the CuO/MgFe2O4 catalyst, for both reactions.
Highlights
Vanillin is a chemical compound from the aromatic aldehydes family with many industrial applications [1]
In order to evaluate the synthesized catalysts activity, CuO-based spinel systems were employed in oxidation reactions of isoeugenol and vanillyl alcohol to vanillin
The results showed that CuO/MgAl2 O4 catalyst has a very good activity in the isoeugenol oxidation reaction
Summary
Vanillin is a chemical compound from the aromatic aldehydes family with many industrial applications [1]. One of them is the bioconversion of materials such as vanillyl alcohol, vanillic acid, creosol, phenolic stilbenes, glucose, lignin, isoeugenol, and eugenol [8,9,10] Another method to produce vanillin is using biocatalysts because the marginal cost of the product becomes very low [11,12,13,14]. High speed ball-milling mechanochemistry was employed as a simple and low-cost methodology, for the first time, in the synthesis of these spinels. Various analyses, such as X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron. Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), BET Surface Area and BJH Pore Size, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS)-Dot mapping, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Magnetic Susceptibility, were used to determine the characteristics of the synthesized catalysts
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
