Abstract
We investigated the mechanochemical synthesis of complex slow release fertilizers (SRF) derived from glauconite. We studied the effectiveness of the mechanical intercalation of urea into glauconite using planetary and ring mills. The potassium-nitric complex SRFs were synthesized via a mechanochemical method mixing glauconite with urea in a 3:1 ratio. The obtained composites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that as duration of mechanochemical activation increases, the mineralogical, chemical, and structural characteristics of composites change. Essential modifications associated with a decrease in absorbed urea and the formation of microcrystallites were observed when the planetary milling time increased from 5 to 10 min and the ring milling from 15 to 30 min. Complete intercalation of urea into glauconite was achieved by 20 min grinding in a planetary mill or 60 min in a ring mill. Urea intercalation in glauconite occurs much faster when using a planetary mill compared to a ring mill.
Highlights
Global agricultural production has doubled in the last 50 years, mainly due to the increased use of fertilizers and pesticides, as well as the development of new crops and technologies [1]
The aim of this research was to study the mechanochemical methods of intracalation of urea into glauconite to synthesize a polyfunctional slow-release fertilizers (SRF) using planetary and ring mills
Substantial modifications associated with a decrease in the absorbed urea and formation of microcrystallites were observed with increasing planetary milling time from 5 to 10 min and increasing ring milling time from 15 to 30 min
Summary
Global agricultural production has doubled in the last 50 years, mainly due to the increased use of fertilizers and pesticides, as well as the development of new crops and technologies [1]. The global use of nitrogen fertilizers has noticeably increased from 32 million tons in 1970 to about 111.6 million tons in 2015 [2]. The main environmental problem with excessive nitrogen fertilizer use is associated with the imbalance between nutrients and the absorption of these nutrients by plant roots, which result in the loss of chemicals and environmental pollution. Such problems can be solved using new generation fertilizers, including slow-release fertilizers (SRF) and controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) [8,9,10,11,12]
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