Abstract
AbstractThe past few decades have shown significant growth in the study of mechanical effects on cellular properties. Novel methods and techniques had been developed to analyze the changes in the biophysical and biomechanical properties of cells. Recently, it has been reported that interaction between the external environment and cardiomyocytes would be essential for the function of the heart due to the importance of mechanical signaling. Physical forces play a major role in the development of cardiovascular disease. In this mini review, we discuss recent advances in technology for probing mechanobiology signals from the cardiac tissue and focus on the unmet needs and challenges to completely understand the mechanobiology of cardiac tissues.
Highlights
Cells respond to changes in their environment
Other techniques including resonance energy transfer techniques, traction force microscopy (TFM),[47] and moving magnetic bead tweezer have been employed for studying mechanobiology in cardiac cells.[48]
Techniques such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) or bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) have leveraged the single-molecule energy transfer property to measure the distance between molecules and their conformation especially for deciphering mechanisms for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)sensitive potassium channels
Summary
Over the past few decades, the interactions between cells and their physical environment have been extensively studied. Mechanobiology elucidates the role of mechanical signals in controlling cell behavior.[1,2]. Cells are interconnected with each other as well as with extracellular matrix (ECM) by physical stimuli such as shear stress, pressure, tension, and matrix elasticity. Mechanobiology elucidates the role of these physical stimuli through mechanotransduction. Mechanobiology has become one of the major research focuses due to the ubiquitous impact that mechanical stresses impart on cell behavior such as signaling and gene expression.[4]. It is suggested that interaction between the external environment and cardiomyocytes would be essential for the function of the heart due to the importance of mechanical signaling in this vital organ.[1]. Mechanotransduction is the progression of converting physical stimuli to biochemical signals and connecting the generated signals into cellular responses.[6].
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