Mechanistic Relationships Between DNA Adducts, Oncogene Mutations, and Lung Tumorigenesis in Strain A Mice

Abstract

This paper describes a series of studies on the lung tumorigenic activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in strain A/J mice, their ability to form PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues, and their ability to mutate the Ki-ras oncogene in PAH-induced tumors. Seven PAHs were studied: cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP), benzo[a]pyrene (B [a]P), benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F), dibenz[a,h] anthracene (DBA), 5-methylchrysene (5MC), benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A), and dibenzo[a,1]pyrene (DB[a,1]P). The dose-response data for the PAHs revealed 100-fold differences in tumor potency based on dose, with the order of activity DB[a,1]P, DBA > B[j]A > 5MC > CPP > B[a]P > B[b]F. Large differences in tumor multiplicity were also observed between the PAHs. DNA adducts were measured by 32P-postlabeling techniques on DNA from lungs of mice treated with these PAH's. DB[a,l]P gave syn- and anti-fjord-region diol-epoxide adducts of dAdo and dGuo; DBA gave both bay-region diol-epoxide-dGuo and bisdihydrodiol-epoxide adducts; CPP gave cyclopenta-ring-dGuo adducts; B[j]A gave a mixture of cyclopenta-ring-dGuo and -dAdo adducts; 5MC gave anti-bay-region diol-epoxide-dGuo adducts; B[a]P gave bay-region diol-epoxide-dGuo adducts; and B[b]F gave 5-hydroxy-B[b]F-diol-epoxide-dGuo adducts. Ki-ras codon 12 and 61 mutation analysis of PAH induced tumors was performed using PCR and dideoxy sequencing methods. DB[a,l]P gave both codon 12 and codon 61 mutations. High proportions of codon 12 TGT mutations from B[a]P-, B[b]F- and 5MC-, induced tumors and CGT mutations from CPP- and B[j]A-induced tumors were observed. DBA produced no mutations in Ki-ras codons 12 or 61 by direct sequencing. The interrelationships between the tumorigenesis, DNA adduct, and oncogene mutation data are discussed.