Abstract
The precise synthetic control of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanotube morphology is essential for their practical application. A comprehensive investigation into the growth mechanisms of these nanotubes is crucial for directing the regulation of their morphology. In this study, Y2O3 nanotubes were successfully synthesized. The morphological evolution was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), which elucidated the growth mechanism underlying the transformation from Y4O(OH)9(NO3) nanosheets to nanotubes. The initiation of this process involves lattice distortions within the nanosheets, resulting in a spontaneous curling phenomenon driven by the minimization of surface energy. The presence of NaOH in the reaction milieu initiates a topotactic transformation, resulting in the conversion of the Y4O(OH)9(NO3) nanosheets into Y(OH)3 nanotubes. Subsequent calcination induces a phase transition from hexagonal Y(OH)3 to cubic Y2O3 phases, while preserving the tubular structure. These findings offer strategic insights into the controlled synthesis of nanomaterials.
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