Abstract

Antibiotic resistant bacteria have acquired multiple mechanisms to evade the lethal effects of current therapeutics. One such mechanism involves membrane-embedded multidrug efflux pumps that are ubiquitous in bacteria and can effectively expel an array of substrates, including common antibiotics and disinfectants. Among these pumps are the small multidrug resistant (SMR) efflux proteins, which consist of four transmembrane helices (TMs), with TMs 1-3 comprising the substrate binding pocket, and TM4containing the binding motif to form the functional antiparallel homodimer.

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