Abstract
After Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells cultured in a medium with glucose consume glucose, the sub-populations of quiescent and non-quiescent cells develop in the budding yeast culture. An age-related chronology of quiescent and non-quiescent yeast cells within this culture is discussed here. We also describe various hallmarks of quiescent and non-quiescent yeast cells. A complex aging-associated program underlies cellular quiescence in budding yeast. This quiescence program includes a cascade of consecutive cellular events orchestrated by an intricate signaling network. We examine here how caloric restriction, a low-calorie diet that extends lifespan and healthspan in yeast and other eukaryotes, influences the cellular quiescence program in S. cerevisiae. One of the main objectives of this review is to stimulate an exploration of the mechanisms that link cellular quiescence to chronological aging of budding yeast. Yeast chronological aging is defined by the length of time during which a yeast cell remains viable after its growth and division are arrested, and it becomes quiescent. We propose a hypothesis on how caloric restriction can slow chronological aging of S. cerevisiae by altering the chronology and properties of quiescent cells. Our hypothesis posits that caloric restriction delays yeast chronological aging by targeting four different processes within quiescent cells.
Highlights
When Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are cultured under aerobic conditions in a nutrient-rich liquid medium with 2% glucose, they are not limited in calorie supply [1,2,3,4,5,6]
One of the characteristic traits of Q and NQ cell sub-populations formed in S. cerevisiae cultured under CR conditions is a considerable decline in TAG concentration, as compared to age-matched Q and NQ cell sub-populations developed in this yeast cultured under non-caloric restriction (non-CR) conditions (Figure 2F) [24,25]
Our discussion indicates that the pace of yeast chronological aging depends on a complex program underlying cellular quiescence entry, maintenance, and exit
Summary
When Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are cultured under aerobic conditions in a nutrient-rich liquid medium with 2% glucose, they are not limited in calorie supply [1,2,3,4,5,6] They exist under so-called non-caloric restriction (non-CR) conditions [1,2,3,4,5,6]. We previously purified the Q and NQ cell populations from budding yeast cultured in a nutrient-rich medium under CR or non-CR conditions [24,25] We recovered these cell populations at different stages of the chronological aging process and compared their properties [24,25].
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