Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population playing a pivotal role in immune responses and tolerance. DCs promote immune tolerance by participating in the negative selection of autoreactive T cells in the thymus. Furthermore, to eliminate autoreactive T cells that have escaped thymic deletion, DCs also induce immune tolerance in the periphery through various mechanisms. Breakdown of these functions leads to autoimmune diseases. Moreover, DCs play a critical role in maintenance of homeostasis in body organs, especially the skin and intestine. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of tolerance induction by DCs in the body.
Highlights
Mechanisms of Tolerance induction by Dendritic Cells In VivoDendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population playing a pivotal role in immune responses and tolerance
Dendritic cells (DCs) represent a heterogeneous population derived from distinct hematopoietic lineages of bone marrow origin, being characterized by specific homing patterns and specialized immune functions [1,2,3,4]
Efficient priming of T cells by DCs leading to immune responses requires additional signals from the pro-inflammatory environment that can be sensed by DCs through specific pattern recognition receptors including toll-like receptors (TLRs)
Summary
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population playing a pivotal role in immune responses and tolerance. DCs promote immune tolerance by participating in the negative selection of autoreactive T cells in the thymus. To eliminate autoreactive T cells that have escaped thymic deletion, DCs induce immune tolerance in the periphery through various mechanisms. Breakdown of these functions leads to autoimmune diseases. DCs play a critical role in maintenance of homeostasis in body organs, especially the skin and intestine. We focus on recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of tolerance induction by DCs in the body.
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