Mechanisms of settlement in municipal solid waste landfills

Abstract

Settlement prediction of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a key issue in the design, construction, and post-closure development of landfills. As MSW is a highly heterogeneous material with compressible and degradable elements, the factors causing compression and settlement are complex. This paper explores the mechanisms and timescales for the settlement of land-filled MSW, and develops a rational taxonomy and framework of understanding. Conceptual models are reviewed and discussed, and the relative importance of different causes of settlement is assessed with reference to new, high quality, datasets and data from the literature.