Mechanisms of PD-L1 Regulation in Tumor Immune Ecosystem

Abstract

In this study, nano-cerium dioxide doped titanium-dioxide (CeO2-TiO2) Nanocomposites (NCs) was used for the photocatalytic degradation of pollutant parameters (color, polyphenols, polyaromatics) from a textile industry wastewater (TI ww) treatment plant located in Izmir, Turkey, at different operational conditions such as at increasing photocatalytic time (0, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min), at different CeO2-TiO2 mass ratios (1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 16%, 25%, 30%, 50%), at the different amounts of CeO2 (1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/L) under 130 W Ultraviolet (UV) and 35 W sun lights irradiations, respectively. Color, polyphenols (quercetin, fisetin, ellargic acid, carminic acid, luteolin, and curcumin) and polyaromatics [2,6-dimethylaniline (2,6-DMA), 2-aminoanisole (MOA), 2,4-toluenediamine (TDA), 2-naphthylamine (NA), 4,40-thiobisbenzenamine (TOA), 3,3-dichlorobenzidine (DCB) and 3,30-dimethoxybenzidine (DMOB)] removal efficiencies were observed between 78% and 99% during photocatalytic experiments, under 130 W UV light, at 15% CeO2-TiO2 NCs, at 21°C, after 30 min irradiation time. 15% CeO2-TiO2 NCs shows the highest photodegradation yield of color under both UV and visible-light irradiation, with maximum photo-degradation rates of 99% and 98.5%, respectively, after 30 min irradiation time. 94.44% maximum Microtox acute toxicity yield was found in CeO2-TiO2 NCs = 20 mg/L, at 5% CeO2 mass ratio, after 150 min photodegradation time at 60oC. 90% maximum Daphnia magna acute toxicity removal was obtained in CeO2-TiO2 NCs = 20 mg/L, at 5% CeO2 mass ratio, after 150 min photodegradation time at 60°C. The results show that the CeO2-TiO2 NCs has a high photocatalytic activity to remove the pollutants from TI ww.