Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease, and most patients remain asymptomatic until the disease enters advanced stages. There is lack of knowledge in the pathogenesis, effective prevention and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Recently, bacteria were found in pancreatic tissue that has been considered sterile before. The distribution of flora in pancreatic cancer tissue was reported to be different from normal pancreatic tissue. These abnormally distributed bacteria may be the risk factors for inducing pancreatic cancer. Therefore, studies on combined effect of multi-bacterial and multi-virulence factors may add to the knowledge of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and aid in designing new preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we outlined three oral bacteria associated with pancreatic cancer and their virulence factors linked with cancer.
Highlights
Pancreatic cancer is considered as one of the deadliest cancers, since its onset is occult and the early symptoms are not typical (Kamisawa et al, 2016)
Recent studies have reported that the content and composition of bacteria and fungi in pancreatic cancer tissues are different from normal pancreatic tissues
Pushalkar et al reported that Bacteroidetes (31%) and Firmicutes (22%) dominated the healthy pancreas, whereas Proteobacteria found to be abundant in pancreatic cancer tissues and was associated with advanced disease
Summary
Zhong Sun 1, ChengLong Xiong 2, Seoh Wei Teh 3, Jonathan Chee Woei Lim 4, Suresh Kumar 3,5,6 and Karuppiah Thilakavathy 1,5*. Mechanisms of Oral Bacterial Virulence Factors in Pancreatic Cancer. There is lack of knowledge in the pathogenesis, effective prevention and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Bacteria were found in pancreatic tissue that has been considered sterile before. The distribution of flora in pancreatic cancer tissue was reported to be different from normal pancreatic tissue. These abnormally distributed bacteria may be the risk factors for inducing pancreatic cancer. Studies on combined effect of multi-bacterial and multi-virulence factors may add to the knowledge of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and aid in designing new preventive and therapeutic strategies. We outlined three oral bacteria associated with pancreatic cancer and their virulence factors linked with cancer
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