Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity of Chemical Agents to Giant Cell Tumors: An In Vitro Study.

Achmad Fauzi Kamal,Septelia Inawati Wanandi,Akbar Rizki Beni Asdi,Resda Akhra Syahrani,Rio Wikanjaya,Tri Kurniawati,Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim

doi:10.1155/2020/8827192

Achmad Fauzi Kamal, Septelia Inawati Wanandi + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8827192

Copy DOI

Abstract

Background Various chemical agents have been used as an adjuvant treatment for giant cell tumor (GCT). However, the comparative effect of these chemicals remains unclear. Methods Multinucleated and spindle cells from cultured GCT patients, characterized by Nanog and Oct4 expression with RT-PCR, were directly administered, in vitro, with concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% of H2O2 and 75%, 85%, and 95% of ethanol for 10 minutes and concentrations of 0.003%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.1%, and 0.3% of H2O2 for 5 minutes and were incubated for 24 hours. Cell morphology, cell viability, and flow cytometry after various concentrations of H2O2 and ethanol exposure were assessed. Results H2O2 in all concentrations caused loss of cell viability. The number of viable cells after H2O2 exposure was related to the concentration-dependent effect. The initial viable spindle-shaped cell, multinucleated giant cell, and round-epithelioid cell had morphological changes into fragmented nonviable cells after exposure to H2O2. Flow cytometry using Annexin V showed cell death due to necrosis, with the highest concentration amounting to 0.3%. Conclusion Administering local chemical adjuvants of H2O2 in vitro caused loss of viable GCT cells. The number of viable cells after H2O2 exposure was related to the concentration-dependent effect, whereas reducing concentration of H2O2 may cause loss of viability and morphology of cultured GCT cells with the apoptotic mechanism.

Highlights

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone is a benign tumor with the morphological findings of multinucleated giant cells and surrounding mononuclear stromal cells [1]
We investigate the use of local chemical adjuvants (H2O2 and ethanol) in vitro on isolated osteoclast-like cells in order to evaluate the most effective chemical adjuvant based on cell viability and cytotoxicity
Our study demonstrated that administration of H2O2 with concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% for 10 minutes had the same effectiveness of loss of giant cell tumor (GCT) cell viability in vitro

Summary

Introduction

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone is a benign tumor with the morphological findings of multinucleated giant cells and surrounding mononuclear stromal cells [1]. The use of local chemical adjuvants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), phenol, ethanol, and liquid nitrogen after intralesional curettage showed the recurrence rate of 6-25%. This showed that the use of chemical adjuvants may increase the local control of the GCT of bone. The number of viable cells after H2O2 exposure was related to the concentration-dependent effect. Administering local chemical adjuvants of H2O2 in vitro caused loss of viable GCT cells. The number of viable cells after H2O2 exposure was related to the concentration-dependent effect, whereas reducing concentration of H2O2 may cause loss of viability and morphology of cultured GCT cells with the apoptotic mechanism

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion