Abstract
Consciousness has been defined as an awareness of oneself and one’s environment (1). This simple definition fails to account for the many discrete yet interrelated components of conscious awareness. We still do not have a complete understanding of how these components are integrated to produce conscious awareness, partly because consciousness is such a subjective, ephemeral subject. Nonetheless, considerable gains have been made in revealing details of the components and their interaction, e.g., alertness, attention, sensory processing and perception, memory mechanisms and executive functions. Neurophysiological techniques and functional neuro-imaging have helped understand the normal brain. Disease states and the differential effects of drugs (including anesthetics) have also provided insights into components of consciousness and how these elements contribute to integrated brain function.
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