Abstract
Cardiac myocytes are specialized cells responsible for both mechanical contraction and conduction of electrical impulses. Some myocytes demonstrate automaticity, defined by the capability of cardiac cells to undergo spontaneous diastolic depolarization and to initiate an electrical impulse in the absence of external electrical stimulation [1]. Spontaneously originated action potentials (AP) are propagated through cardiac myocytes, which are excitable, referring to their ability to respond to a stimulus with a regenerative AP [2]. Propagation of the cardiac impulse is enabled by gap junctions. Gap junctions are membrane structures composed of multiple intercellular ion channels that facilitate chemical and electrical communication between cells. Cardiac AP are regionally distinct due to each myocyte type expressing different numbers and types of ion channels [3].
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