Abstract
Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Highlights
The immune system is a complex interactive network with the capacity of protecting the host from a number of pathogens while keeping a state of tolerance to self and innocuous non-self antigens
The induction of peripheral T cell tolerance and promotion of the formation of regulatory T-cells are key mechanisms in allergen-SIT. Both FOXP3+CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and inducible IL-10- and TGF-b-producing type 1 Treg (Tr1) cells may prevent the development of allergic diseases and play a role in successful allergen-SIT and healthy immune response via several mechanisms
Knowledge of these molecular basis is crucial in the understanding the regulation of immune responses and their possible therapeutic targets in allergic diseases
Summary
The immune system is a complex interactive network with the capacity of protecting the host from a number of pathogens while keeping a state of tolerance to self and innocuous non-self antigens. During the development of allergic diseases, effector Th2 cells produce traditional Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 [11,12], and novel cytokines with proinflammatory functions, such as IL25, IL-31 and IL-33 [13,14,15,16,17,18,19] These cytokines induce allergen-specific IgE, eosinophilia, mucus production and the recruitment of inflammatory cells to inflamed tissues. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy T cell regulation Since allergic diseases are Th2 driven, but much rather form complex immune disorders, the aim of allergen SIT is to induce the peripheral T cell tolerance, modulate the thresholds for mast cell and basophil activation and decrease IgE-mediated histamine release [29] (Figure 1 and 2). This type of time regime is being investigated in SLIT [107]
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