Mechanisms of Action and Preservation Effects of Packaging Systems for Mushrooms: Novel Approaches to Preserve Irish Edible Mushrooms

Abstract

Mushrooms support the Irish economy, with a farm gate value of roughly EUR 130 million in 2022 and with 80%–85% of Irish production exported to the United Kingdom. In order to apply cutting edge technologies and offer creative solutions to increase the shelf life of mushrooms, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of action and preservation effects of the current trends in edible mushroom packaging systems. This review summarises the mechanisms of action for nanopackaging, biodegradable packaging, edible coatings, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), and active packaging in terms of their enzyme activity, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, and rate of respiration along with the changes in texture, colour, nutritional value, and shelf life of mushrooms reflected in the preservation effects of these packaging systems. SWOT analysis highlights the strengths, weaknesses, and threats of these packaging systems and provides potential opportunities for trialing innovative packaging materials for fresh edible mushrooms in Ireland.