Mechanisms of abdominal muscle activation during vomiting

Abstract

The possible contribution of spinal reflexes to abdominal muscle activation during vomiting was assessed in decerebrate cats. The activity of these muscles is partly controlled by bulbospinal expiratory neurons in the caudal ventral respiratory group (VRG). In a previous study it was found that the abdominal muscles are still active during vomiting after midsagittal lesion of the axons of these neurons between C1 and the obex (A.D. Miller, L.K. Tan, and I. Suzuki. J. Neurophysiol. 57: 1854-1866, 1987). The present experiments indicate that this postlesion activity was due to spinal stretch reflexes because 1) such midsagittal lesions eliminate abdominal muscle nerve activity during fictive vomiting in paralyzed cats in which there are no abdominal stretch reflexes, 2) the abdominal muscles are activated during vomiting by spinal reflexes after upper thoracic cord transections, and 3) the normal 100-ms delay between diaphragmatic and abdominal activation during vomiting is reduced to approximately 20-25 ms after both types of lesions, which is consistent with postlesion abdominal reflex activation. Our results also suggest that, during normal vomiting, abdominal stretch and tension reflexes have only a minor role if any and abdominal muscle activation is probably mediated primarily or exclusively by expiratory neurons in the caudal ventral respiratory group. However, our finding that phrenic activity is reduced both during vomiting after thoracic transections and during fictive vomiting after paralysis is consistent with a contribution of reflex activity from abdominal and/or intercostal muscles to phrenic discharge during normal vomiting.