Mechanisms and pathogenesis of malformation.

Abstract

The etiology and pathogenesis of fetal malformation are discussed with a view toward their management. Hereditary physical and social conditions can contribute to fetal malformation. Mutations chromosomal aberrations and major gene defects have often been mistaken as causes rather than the genesis of birth defects. Hereditary causal mechanisms of malformation can be initiated at the subcellular cellular and tissue levels and may be similar to or identical with environmental teratogenic mechanisms. The site of action of malformation mechanisms and teratogenic mechanisms acting on cells established tissues and developing organs are discussed. The identification of the pathogenesis of specific patterns of malformation could make it possible to establish primary causes and facilitate the prevention diagnosis and treatment of birth defects.