Mechanism of zirconia microgroove surface structure for osseointegration

Abstract

Zirconia implants have a promising perspective because of their antibacterial, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and excellent esthetic effects. Improving the surface morphology of materials to promote osseointegration has always been the focus of implant research and development. Here, we fabricated microgroove (MG) patterns on the surface of zirconia materials using femtosecond laser etching technology. The surface structure of the MGs reduces metal impurities and increases the roughness and hydrophilicity of the material. The MGs on the surface of zirconia can promote the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. In simulated clinical applications, the micro-groove structure on the surface of zirconia can reduce the stress of the surrounding bone tissue and lead to good osseointegration. Differential gene expression analysis provides a molecular basis for the mechanism research that regulates osteoblast differentiation. In short, this MG structure on the surface of zirconia has great potential for clinical transformation in the field of dental implants.