Abstract
A mechanism is proposed for the selective oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride catalysed by V 2O 5 TiO 2 . The chief catalytic species is identified as an oxohydroxy-vanadium group forming a monolayer on the TiO 2 (anatase) surface, and possible unit reactions involving this and related groups with o-xylene and with organic species formed from it are presented: these account for the formation of intermediate products ( o-tolualdehyde, phthalide, etc.) as well as of phthalic anhydride itself. The five-membered ring products (phthalide, phthalic anhydride) may arise by dehydration of noncyclic precursors. The unique catalytic properties of the V 2O 5 TiO 2 system arise from the conjunction in the same active centre of a reducible VO bond and an acidic hydroxyl group.
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