Mechanism of systemic immune suppression by UV irradiation in vivo. II. The UV effects on number and morphology of epidermal Langerhans cells and the UV-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity have different wavelength dependencies.

Abstract

We previously reported that broad band UV radiation or narrow bands of UV (Hbw 3 nm) of wavelengths 250 to 320 nm cause a systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice, observed when the contact sensitizer is applied to a nonirradiated site. To determine if this effect is associated with UV-induced alterations in epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) numbers and morphology, we performed the following study. LC were identified by ATPase staining of EDTA-separated epidermal sheets. Electron microscope studies confirmed that this method was a satisfactory indicator of the presence of LC; we found no evidence for LC which did not stain for ATPase in either irradiated or unirradiated epidermis. Mice were irradiated on the back with narrow band UV of peak wavelength 270, 290, or 320 nm. The irradiated skin was excised 24 hr later and was stained as described. The number of LC with ATPase staining dendrites and the number of nondendritic LC were enumerated. We found that UV radiation of 270 or 290 nm caused 1) an alteration in LC morphology (loss of dendrites) and 2) a decrease in the total number of epidermal LC. Both effects occurred in a dose-dependent fashion. Previously, these same wavelengths of narrow band UV, but at higher doses, had been shown to cause systemic suppression of CHS. In this study, the doses of 270 or 290 nm UV that resulted in the decreased LC numbers and alterations in LC morphology described above were insufficient to cause systemic suppression of CHS. The converse was found if the irradiating waveband of UV had a peak at 320 nm. A dose of 320 nm UV that caused 50% systemic suppression of CHS had no effect on either the number or the morphology of LC at the site of irradiation. In addition, the number and morphology of LC were unaffected in the ventral epidermis (site of contact sensitization) of mice that had been previously irradiated on the back with a systemically suppressive dose of UV. We conclude: (a) UV-induced alterations in the number and morphology of LC at the site of irradiation are not necessary for the generation of systemic suppression of CHS by UV radiation; this indicates that the initial UV-absorbing event triggering systemic suppression is neither a loss of, nor morphologic alterations to, LC at the irradiation site. (b) A systemic effect of UV radiation on the number and morphology of LC at the unirradiated site of contact sensitization does not occur, and thus is not responsible for the UV-induced systemic suppression of CHS by UV radiation.