Mechanism of signal transduction of differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cytokeratin-expressing epidermoid cells

Abstract

To investigate the role of the signal routes P38, ERK, and Rho in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into epidermoid cells. (1) MSCs were separated from the bone marrow of Wistar rats by Ficoll-Pague lymphocyte separating medium and proliferated in culture medium. Then the MSCs were immunocytochemically stained to detect the expression of surface antigens. (2) The MSCs were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group; pure induction induced group, cultured with epithelial growth factor (EGF) added into the culture fluid, and Rho inhibition group, cultured with EGF and HA1077, a ROK inhibitor, added into the culture fluid. One, 3, 5, and 7 days later FC was used to detect the levels of phosphorylated P38 and ERK. (3) MSCs were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, cultured with low-sugar DMEM complete culture fluid; pure induction group, cultured with supernatant of rat fibroblasts and EGF added into the culture fluid, p38 blocking group, with SB203580, inhibitor of P38 added into the culture fluid; and ERK blocking group, with PD98059, inhibitor of ERK added into the culture fluid. Seven days later, SP method was used to detect the expression of CK5/8 and CK19 induced by MSCs. (4) MSCs were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group; pure induction group, with supernatant of rat fibroblasts and EGF added into the culture fluid; and RHO blocking group, with HA1007 added into the culture fluid. Seven days later, FC was used to detect the expression of CK5/8 and CK19. (1) Both FC and immunocytochemistry showed that the MSCs were uniformly positive in CD29 and CD44, but did not express CD34 and CD45. (2) The phosphorylated P38 rate remained 0.01% in the control group. The phosphorylated P38 rate was 0.04%, significantly higher than that of the control group (0.01%, P < 0.05) at day 5, and then lowered to 0.01% at day 5 in the pure induction group; and became 6.17%, 4.13%, 3.97%, and 0.41% respectively at day 1, 3, 5, and 7, all significantly higher than those of the control group (all P < 0.05), in the Rho inhibition group. The phosphorylated ERK level was 4.23% in the control group; became 0.39% and 0.40% at day 3 and day 5 (both P < 0.05), and then returned to 5.10% at day 7 in the pure induction group; and was not significantly changed at days 1, 3, and 5, and then became 0.41%, significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), in the Rho blocking group, (3) The control group was CK5/8 and CK19 negative. The CK5/8 and CK19 rates at day 7 of the pure induction group were 3.01% and 6.47% respectively, both significantly higher than those of the p38 inhibition group (1.43% and 5.41% respectively, both P < 0.05). The CK5/8 and CK19 expression rates of the ERK inhibition group were 5.54% and 7.56% respectively, both significantly higher than those of the pure induction group (both P < 0.05), (4) The CK5/8 and CK19 expression rates of the HA1077 group were 21.65% and 39.41% pure, both significantly higher than those of the pure induction group (1.81% and 10.19% respectively, both P < 0.05). p38 route may play an active role in the differentiation of MSCs into epidermoid cells. Blocking of the upstream signal Rho may enhance the activation of p38 route and then promote the differentiation of MSCs into epidermoid cells.