Mechanism of Olefin Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Iridium Phosphino-Oxazoline: A Pair Natural Orbital Coupled Cluster Study

Abstract

Since the development of chiral phosphino-oxazoline iridium catalysts, which hydrogenate unfunctionalized alkenes enantioselectively, the asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral olefins has become important in the production of chiral compounds. For the last 10 years, details of the mechanism, including formal oxidation state assignment of the metal center and the nature of intermediates and transition states have been debated. Various contributions have been given from a theoretical point of view, but due to the size of the structures, these have been forced to rely on density functional theory (DFT) methods. In our investigation of the catalytic cycle, we employ both DFT and a correlated ab initio method, namely, the newly implemented domain-based local pair natural orbital coupled-cluster theory with single and double excitations and the inclusion of perturbative triples correction (DLPNO-CCSD(T)). Our results show that the most likely active paths involve the formation of an intermediate Ir(V) species. Furthermore, we have been able to predict the absolute configuration of the major products, and where comparison to experiment is possible, the results of our calculations agree with the enantiomeric excess obtained from hydrogenating five prochiral substrates. This work also shows that it is now possible to study catalytic reactions with untruncated models (having up to 88 atoms) at the CCSD(T) level of theory.