Abstract

The development of novel therapies targeting cardiomyocyte pyroptosis is needed for myocardial infarction (MI). The current study sought to analyze the role and mechanism of M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (M2-EVs) in cardiomyocyte pyroptosis after MI. M2 macrophages were induced, and M2-EVs were separated and characterized. A mouse model of MI was successfully established, followed by an assessment of myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. An in vitro cell model was established, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of cell viability and pyroptosis. The binding relationships of miR-378a-3p and ELAVL1 [human antigen R (HuR)], HuR, and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) were analyzed. A functional rescue experiment was designed to validate the role of HuR. After M2-EV treatment, the cardiac functions of mice with MI were restored, the myocardial injury was attenuated and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis was reduced. In vitro, M2-EVs suppressed hypoxic cell injury and pyroptosis. Mechanistically, M2-EVs delivered miR-378a-3p into cardiomyocytes to upregulate miR-378a-3p expression and inhibit ELAVL1 (HuR) expression and transport of HuR to the cytoplasm, thus destabilizing NLRP3 and inhibiting activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathways. Overexpression of HuR inhibited the protective effect of M2-EVs in cardiomyocytes. Overall, our findings showed that M2-EV-enveloped miR-378a-3p inhibited HuR expression and HuR translocation to the cytoplasm to destabilize NLRP3 and block activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathways, thereby attenuating cardiomyocyte pyroptosis.

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