Abstract
Low-cost and harmless resource utilization of Bayer red mud (BRM) is a problem to be solved urgently. In this work, the effects of biomass as reductant and alteration agent on the hematite transformed into magnetite in BRM and cementitious activity of tailings (residue after extraction of iron components, abbreviated as REIC) were systematically investigated. The analyses were performed through XRF, XRD, TG, DSC, ICP-AES and compressive strength tests. The results showed that the activation energy of biomass pyrolysis was lower than 80 kJ mol−1. 650 °C was not only the temperature for biomass to completely reduce hematite to magnetite, but also the best thermal activation temperature of BRM. After magnetic separation, the iron ore concentrate with grade of 55.78% can be obtained, and the recovery rate of iron ore was 81.26%. The cementitious activity of REIC was significantly improved due to the increase of amorphous substances and small particles with loose structure. The compressive strength (28 d) of the cementitious material prepared by REIC and other solid wastes was 36.84 MPa, which was an eco-friendly material. This work can provide a new reference for the development and utilization of biomass, BRM, low-grade hematite and inert solid wastes, and shows the potential of biomass to save energy and reduce emissions in steel industry.
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