Abstract
Schizophyllum commune (S. commune) fermented supernatant with added Radix Puerariae (SC-RP) showed significant antioxidant activity in our previous work. However, the possible lifespan and healthspan extending the capacity of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and the underlying mechanism were not illuminated. In this study, the effect of SC-RP on extending the lifespan and improving stress resistance of C. elegans were examined. Additionally, the underlying lifespan extending molecular mechanisms of SC-RP were explored. Treated with SC-RP at 10 μg/mL, the lifespan of C. elegans increased by 24.89% (P < 0.01). Also, SC-RP prolonged the healthspan of the nematode, including reducing lipofuscin levels, improving mobility and enhancing resistance to oxidative stress and heat shock. Moreover, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were increased for SC-RP treated C. elegans. Meantime the intracellular levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were attenuated. Express levels of eight genes including daf-2, daf-16, sod-3, skn-1, gst-4, clk-1, age-1 and mev-1 were analyzed by RT-PCR method for possible C. elegan anti-aging mechanisms of SC-RP. Expression levels of key genes daf-2, gst-4 and sod-3 were up-regulated, while that of daf-16, skn-1, and clk-1 were down-regulated. The results suggest that SC-RP could extend the lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans significantly, and the IIS pathway, SKN-1/Nrf2 pathway and mitochondrial metabolism pathway were primarily considered associated. Thus, SC-RP is a potential component to improve aging and aging-related symptoms as new functional materials.
Highlights
Aging is a physiological phenomenon that occurs in all living organisms, and can lead to behavioral defects and signaling pathway dysfunction such as decreased resistance and physiological decline [1–3]
The current study showed that SC-Radix Puerariae (RP) synergistically decreased age-related behaviors and increased the mean lifespan of C. elegans, and improved the resistance of C. elegans to stress
The lifespan of nematodes treated with SC-RP was extended by 24.89% when compared with that of non-treated nematodes (P < 0.01)
Summary
Aging is a physiological phenomenon that occurs in all living organisms, and can lead to behavioral defects and signaling pathway dysfunction such as decreased resistance and physiological decline [1–3]. Anti-aging Activity of S. commune-Radix Puerariae polysaccharides, polyphenols and other active compounds from natural sources such as fungi and plants that possess excellent antioxidant properties may protect or reduce the effects of aging on organisms [5–8]. Fermentation has been applied to extract and enrich the active ingredients in edible plants and fungi and improve their antioxidant/anti-aging capacity [9]. A previous study illustrated that S. commune can biotransform sophoricoside in Fructus sophorae to synthesize new active substances with outstanding toxicity toward MCF-7 cells, revealing that S. commune has the potential to enrich active ingredients of fermented products and enhance antioxidant, anti-aging or biological properties of phytochemicals in fermentation substrates [15]. The above results proves the feasibility of Schizophyllum liquid fermentation system as a bioreactor and provides a reference for the biotransformation of edible medicinal fungi such as Cordyceps militaris and Ganoderma lucidum et al
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