Abstract
Thulium fiber laser with a wavelength of 1.94 µm is widely used in urology for lithotripsy. This paper studies the mechanism of lithotripsy and evaluates its clinical efficiency using the superpulse thulium fiber laser with a wavelength of 1.94 µm and a peak power of 500 W. An experimental setup was developed to study the mechanism of lithotripsy. The superpulse thulium fiber laser (TFL) with a wavelength of 1.94 µm with a peak power of 500 W (FiberLase U2 from “IRE-POLUS” Ltd., Fryazino, Moscow Region, Russia) was used for the lithotripsy of stone phantoms (BegoStone). The processes were recorded with a high-speed camera. The acoustic signals registered during lithotripsy were studied with wideband and needle hydrophones. The main mechanism of lithotripsy performed by using superpulse TFL was thermal cavitation in the water-filled pore space and thermal destruction of the phantom. During the clinical application of the superpulse thulium fiber laser, the high efficiency of laser lithotripsy was established. The performed optical and acoustic studies showed that the mechanism of the destruction of stones was based on the synergic effect of the explosive boiling of water in the pore space of the stone, and its thermal destruction is associated with the heating of the stone to several hundred degrees with laser radiation.
Highlights
During the past decades, surgical treatment for urinary stone disease changed a lot because of significant technological developments and the improvement of medical equipment [1]
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of lithotripsy and to evaluate its showed a high efficiency of thulium fiber laser (TFL) lithotripsy in all fragmentation regimes clinical efficiency using a superpulse with a wavelength of
Both acoustic and optical experiments were aimed at obtaining high-quality information about. Both acoustic and optical experiments aimed at obtaining information about the ongoing processes. They showed that awere typical optical picture ofhigh-quality stone destruction is observed the ongoing processes
Summary
Surgical treatment for urinary stone disease changed a lot because of significant technological developments and the improvement of medical equipment [1]. The appearance of laser technologies brought innovative approaches to the surgical treatment of urinary stones. The efficiency of lithotripsy of different types of stones with minimum damage to the surrounding soft tissues depends on the parameters of laser radiation (wavelength, pulse duration, and power) and the properties of. It is believed that laser radiation with a pulse duration τ > 10 μs causes a significant increase in the temperature in the area of laser exposure in cases with minimal acoustic waves. In such cases, the material of the stone is removed by means of evaporation, melting, thermomechanical tension, and/or chemical decomposition (photothermal mechanism). A laser with a short pulse duration (
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