Abstract
IntroductionAsbestos-induced formation of mesothelioma has been attributed to phenotypic and morphological changes in cells caused by polyploidization and aneuploidization, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are suspected to have similar adverse effects due to the similarity in their physical form. MWCNTs and crocidolite, a kind of asbestos, show similar genotoxicity characteristics in vitro, including induction of binucleated cells. We here focused on the mechanisms underlying polyploidization during cell division on exposure to MWCNTs and conducted confocal live-cell imaging analysis using MDA-435 human breast cancer cells in which chromosomes and centromeres were visualized using fluorescent proteins.FindingsDuring anaphase, relatively short MWCNT fibers (approximately 5 μm) migrated rapidly to either of the daughter cells, whereas some long MWCNT fibers (approximately 20 μm) remained inside the contractile ring and induced the formation of binucleated cells through impairment of cytokinesis. This toxicity mechanism has also been observed with crocidolite.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the mechanism of polyploidization by MWCNTs is very similar to that observed with crocidolite.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41021-015-0003-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Asbestos-induced formation of mesothelioma has been attributed to phenotypic and morphological changes in cells caused by polyploidization and aneuploidization, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are suspected to have similar adverse effects due to the similarity in their physical form
Our findings indicate that the mechanism of polyploidization by MWCNTs is very similar to that observed with crocidolite
Endocytosis of MWCNTs We conducted time-lapse imaging at the MWCNT concentration of 50.6 μg/mL to determine how MWCNTs undergo endocytosis
Summary
Asbestos-induced formation of mesothelioma has been attributed to phenotypic and morphological changes in cells caused by polyploidization and aneuploidization, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are suspected to have similar adverse effects due to the similarity in their physical form. They observed that comparatively long crocidolite (15–50 μm) fibers were trapped in the contractile ring during anaphase in LLC-MK2 epithelial cells, which created a physical barrier to cytokinesis, eventually causing formation of binucleated cells.
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