Abstract
The present paper is devoted to the study of the processes of the mechanism of electrochemical coreduction of Dy3+ and Nd3+ ions with Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ ions in the equimolar NaCl-KCl melt at 973 K and characterization of the synthesized samples. The performed voltammetry analysis of the electrochemical coreduction processes elucidated a significant difference in the values of the extraction potentials of the studied metals. This melt testifies that intermetallic compounds of Dy and Nd with Ni, Co, and Fe may be synthesized in the kinetic regime. The intermetallic phases of Dy and Nd with Ni, Co, and Fe are found to be formed along with the phases of metallic Ni, Co, and Fe either during electrolysis at the cathode current densities exceeding the limiting diffusion current of Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ ions or in the potentiostatic regime at the potentials of the corresponding voltammetry curves. Therefore, the following interrelated key parameters affecting the electrochemical synthesis of Dy and Nd intermetallic compounds with Ni, Co, and Fe were determined: (i) composition of the electrolyte, i.e., concentrations of FeCl3, CoCl2, NiCl2, DyCl3, and NdCl3; (ii) cathode current density or electrolysis potential and (iii) electrolysis time. The obtained samples were characterized by micro-X-ray diffraction analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy methods.
Highlights
Based on the voltammetry studies of the electrochemical coreduction of Dy3+, Nd3+, Co2+, and Fe3+ ions in the equimolar KCl-NaCl melt at 973 K, it is shown that the electrochemical synthesis of these intermetallic compounds may be performed only in the kinetic regime
It is determined that the interaction activity resulting in the formation of intermetallic compounds between metallic Dy and Nd with the iron triad decreases in a row, starting with Ni, Co, and Fe; whereas, Dy is found to be more active in the aforesaid interactions than Nd
It is shown that depending on the electrolysis regime, the process of the electrochemical synthesis consists of the following subsequent stages
Summary
In the 21st century, emerging and conventional functional materials have a great impact on the quality of our lives. We are used to microwave ovens, laptops, digital phones, and high-speed transport. All these engineering achievements are possible because of new functional and construction materials. Magnets, based on rare-earth metals (REM)—precisely, Nd-Fe-B—are becoming increasingly used, because of their record high characteristics as opposed to other permanent magnets. They exhibit higher magnetic fields and technical characteristics; secondly, these magnets are cheaper and more available due to the raw materials used for their fabrication. Apart from military–industrial complex and nuclear industry being traditional consumers of the novel materials, such fields as construction industry, oil and gas industry, chemical and metallurgical industries, medicine and microbiology, thermal energetics and machine building, wood working and food industries, radio electronics, and even outdoor advertisement are highly interested in new materials development
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