Abstract
Primary Objective: The interaction of cerebrospinal fluid with the brain parenchyma in an impact scenario is studied. Research Design: A computational fluid-structure interaction model is used to simulate the interaction of cerebrospinal fluid with a comprehensive brain model. Methods and Procedures: The method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics is used to simulate the fluid flow, induced by the impact, simultaneously with finite element analysis to solve the large deformations in the brain model. Main Outcomes and Results: Mechanism of injury resulting in concussion is demonstrated. The locations with the highest stress values on the brain parenchyma are shown. Conclusions: Our simulations found that the damage to the brain resulting from the contrecoup injury is more severe than that resulting from the coup injury. Additionally, we show that the contrecoup injury does not always appear on the side opposite from where impact occurs.
Highlights
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, proteinaceous fluid essential for maintaining homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) [1,2]
In this study we look at the mechanics of interaction between CSF and brain parenchyma in the context of coup-contrecoup injuries obtained during a direct impact to the head
The coup injury is located in the left thalamus whereas the contrecoup injury is located in the right midbrain, pons, medulla and spinal cord
Summary
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, proteinaceous fluid essential for maintaining homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) [1,2]. It acts as a shock absorber for the CNS, cushioning the brain within the skull [3,4,5]. CSF fills this system of cavities at the center of the brain and the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord (Figure 1) dissipating downward forces acting on the brain and reducing mechanical stress [7,8]
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