Abstract
Understanding the capacity fading mechanism of the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode materials is crucial for achieving long-lasting lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities. In this study, we investigated the factors affecting the capacity fading of NCM811 during repeated cycling at high temperatures. We found that the change in the c-axis length during charging and discharging is the main cause of the formation and propagation of microcracks in the primary particles of NCM811. In addition, the electrolyte is decomposed on the microcrack surfaces and, consequently, by-products are formed on the particle surface, increasing the impedance and resulting in poor electronic and ionic connectivity between the primary particles of NCM811. In addition, the transition metals in the NCM811 cathode material are dissolved in the electrolyte from the newly formed microcrack surface between primary particles. Therefore, the electrolyte decomposition and transition metal dissolution on the newly formed surface are the major deteriorative effects behind the capacity fading in NCM811.
Highlights
Thanks to growing concerns about global climate change, the development of environmentally sustainable energy technology is necessary [1,2,3,4,5]
To improve the energy density of LIBs, many researchers have focused on the development of cathode materials with high capacities, because the capacity limitation is related to the cathode in most
We found The thatfactors thereaffecting was a significant c-axiscathode lengthmaterial duringwere charging and discharging, the capacity change fading of in thethe
Summary
Thanks to growing concerns about global climate change, the development of environmentally sustainable energy technology is necessary [1,2,3,4,5]. The utilization of smart-grid systems and long-range electric vehicles (EVs), for instance, has become popular with regard to their efficient energy consumption; the need for large-scale energy storage systems for electricity provision and control has increased significantly [6,7,8,9]. To meet these demands, batteries with high energy and power densities are a crucial prerequisite. Among the many cathode materials, nickel rich LiNix Coy Mnz O2
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