Mechanism of Caffeine and Challenges of Caffeine Dependence

Abstract

By binding to adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, caffeine inhibits adenosine's inhibitory effect on neurons, thereby increasing alertness and improving concentration. At the same time, caffeine also stimulates the release of adrenaline and norepinephrine, further enhancing the sense of wakefulness. Caffeine also induces the release of dopamine and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens. They regulate human emotions, reward mechanisms, and memory. However, caffeine dependence can cause side effects such as insomnia, anxiety, heart palpitations, digestive problems, headaches, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. To reduce dependency on caffeine, individuals can gradually decrease their intake, opt for decaffeinated tea or coffee, and ensure they have sufficient and restful sleep by adjusting sleep patterns. Maintaining overall health, a balanced diet, moderate exercise and effective coping with stress can help increase natural energy levels and reduce the need for caffeine. Seeking the help and guidance of a professional medical or mental health professional is also recommended for reducing caffeine dependence.