Mechanism of bolt breakage in deep mining roadway under dynamic load and advanced strengthening support technology

Abstract

To reveal the problem of local instability caused by bolt breakage and failure in deep mining roadway under impact dynamic loads, and explore strengthening support technologies that can reduce bolt breakage and improve the stability of roadway support bodies. This article adopts theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on-site industrial experiments to conduct research, investigate and obtain the fracture failure characteristics of bolt in deep mining roadway, quantitatively characterize the deformation pressure of roadway surrounding rock and dynamic load of overburden fracture, establish the mechanical criterion of bolt fracture, and analyze the influence law of different anchoring factors on bolt force under static load and dynamic and static load combination. The results show that when the anchor angle is different, the range under dynamic load increases by 169.3 % compared with static load, when the anchor length is different, the range increases by 863.3 % relatively, and the influence is significant; while the anchor support resistance increases by 11.6 % at different times, and the range decreases by 41.5 % at different pre-tightening torque. Then, based on this criterion, the influence law of bolt failure on the stability of surrounding rock is analyzed, and the optimal support scheme is obtained by simulation research, that is, bolt cable +U steel support scheme. After adopting this scheme for support, the deformation of surrounding rock is reduced by about 60 %, and the maximum concentrated stress of surrounding rock of roadway is reduced by 15.0 %. Based on this, the support parameters of the on-site roadway were optimized and a strengthening support scheme was determined, which includes “roof bolt surface support reinforcement + anchor cable combined with U-shaped steel deep reinforcement, and two strong bolts advanced reinforcement”. The on-site strengthening support practice showed that the bolt fracture rate was reduced by 87.3 %, the deformation of the surrounding rock was effectively controlled, and the stability was significantly improved.