Abstract
Rechargeable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have drawn significant attention as next-generation energy storage systems. Sulfur-copolymers are promising alternative cathode materials to elemental sulfur in Li–S batteries as they provide high reversible capacity. However, the redox mechanisms of these materials are not well understood owing to the difficulty in characterizing amorphous structures and identifying individual ionic species. Here, we use solid-state NMR techniques together with electrochemistry experiments and quantum calculations to investigate the structural evolution of the prototype S-copolymer cathodes, sulfur–diisopropenylbenzene copolymers (poly(S-co-DIB)), during cycling. We demonstrate that polysulfides with different chain lengths can be distinguished by 13C and 7Li NMR spectroscopy, revealing that the structure of the copolymers can be tuned in terms of polysulfide chain lengths and resulting reaction pathways during electrochemical cycling. Our results show that the improved cyclab...
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