Mechanism behind the neuronal ephaptic coupling during synchronizing by specific brain-triggered wave as neuronal motor toolkit

Sajedeh Karami,Mahnaz Taherianfar,Nahid Nagshgar,Amir Mutabi-Alavi,Mohammad Mahdi Doroodmand

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82118-2

Abstract

Probable mechanism behind the neuronal ephaptic coupling is investigated based on the introduction of “Brain”-triggered potential excitation signal smartly with a specific very low frequency (VLF) waves as a neuronal motor toolkit. Detection of this electric motor toolkit is attributed to in-vitro precise analyses of a neural network of snail, along to the disconnected snail’s neuronal network as a control. This is achieved via rapid (real-time) electrical signals acquisition by blind patch-clamp method during micro-electrode implanting in the neurons at the gigaseal conditions by the surgery operations. This process is based on its waveform (potential excitation signal) detection by mathematical curve fitting process. The characterized waveform of this electrical signal is “Saw Tooth” that is smartly stimulated, alternatively, by the brain during triggering the action potential’s (AP’s) hyperpolarization zone at a certain time interval at the several µs levels. Triggering the neuron cells results in (1) observing a positive shift (10.0%, depending on the intensity of the triggering wave), and (2) major promotion in the electrical current from sub nano (n) to micro (µ) amper (nA, µA) levels. Direct tracing the time domain (i.e., electrical signal vs. time) and estimation of the frequency domain (diagram of electrical response vs. the applied electrical frequencies) by the “Discrete Fast Fourier Transform” algorithm approve the presence of bilateral and reversible electrical currents between axon and dendrite. This mechanism therefore opens a novel view about the neuronal motor toolkit mechanism, versus the general knowledge about the unilateral electrical current flow from axon to dendrite operations in as neural network. The reliability of this mechanism is evaluated via (1) sequential modulation and demodulation of the snail’s neuron network by a simulation electrical functions and sequentially evaluation of the neuronal current sensitivity between pA and nA (during the promotion of the signal-to-noise ratio, via averaging of 30 ± 1 (n = 15) and recycling the electrical cycles before any neuronal response); and (2) operation of the process on the differentiated stem cells. The interstice behavior is attributed to the effective role of Ca2+ channels (besides Na+ and K+ ionic pumping), during hyper/hypo calcium processes, evidenced by inductively coupled plasma as the selected analytical method. This phenomenon is also modeled during proposing quadrupole well potential levels in the neuron systems. This mechanism therefore points to the microprocessor behavior of neuron networks. Stimulation of the neuronal system based on this mechanism, not only controls the sensitivity of neuron electrical stimulation, but also would open a light window for more efficient operating the neuronal connectivity during providing interruptions by phenomena such as neurolysis as well as an efficient treatment of neuron-based disorders.

Highlights

Probable mechanism behind the neuronal ephaptic coupling is investigated based on the introduction of “Brain”-triggered potential excitation signal smartly with a specific very low frequency (VLF) waves as a neuronal motor toolkit
It has been found that, ion conductance across the membrane increases dramatically during the Action potential (AP), while recording from the giant axon of the squid[4]. This discovery was the first evidence that changed in the flux of ions through channels in the membrane that have led to the AP production based on the concentration gradients of Na + and K +5
Following the improvement of this technique, “Blind Patch-Clamp” was raised due to the unclear electrical signal acquisition from the neuron’s membrane. This technique has possessed several advantages: 1—Blind patch clamping provides the possibility to the signal recording, directly, in different central nervous system (CNS) regions. 2—This signal recording can be operated at tissue environments and tissue depths with a wide variety. 3—Effect of external activators can be studied in vivo/in vitro using this method 4—Blind patching process is considered as a reliable method for the intracellular dye labeling studies, 5—The blind patch technique is partially low expensive, especially during comparing with the direct visualizing methods