Mechanism, applications and of mRNA vaccines

Abstract

In recent years, infectious diseases such as novel coronavirus pneumonia, influenza, and tuberculosis have brought great social and economic burdens to the world. Vaccination is the most effective and economical intervention to control the spread of infectious diseases, save lives and protect people's health. mRNA vaccine is expected to be a new type of infectious disease vaccine. Compared with traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines have many advantages, such as high efficiency, safety, short production cycle, low cost, etc. However, the stability of mRNA vaccines is poor. However, mRNA vaccines have poor stability and low delivery efficiency, and their clinical applications are greatly restricted. Therefore, current and future research focuses on the design of advanced and tolerable delivery systems to improve the efficiency of antigen expression and presentation, as well as the optimization of mRNA structure to prolong and control the duration of expression, under the premise of ensuring the safety of vaccines. This review summarizes the history, classification, principles and mechanisms of mRNA vaccines, and briefly discusses the current challenges and future directions for developing mRNA vaccines for different diseases.