Mechanism and treatment of cell death in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

With 60 to 80% of cases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary trigger of dementia around the globe. The prevalence of people aged 65-69 years increased from 1% to about 30% of people aged 85 years, resulting in more than 50 million affected individuals globally. The AD in the formation of amyloid, the tau protein distribution, the interaction between amyloid and tau protein, clinical symptoms, the genetic background and so on various aspects are heterogeneity exists. Therefore, there is no single pathological process or mechanism of action that can explain why people develop AD. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is one of the largest global public health issues today. There have been many different therapy modalities investigated over time. But there is still no cure, and all that can be done for AD is to prevent and delay its progression. Current drug treatments are intended only to alleviate symptoms, not cure the root cause. Based on the universalization and decreasing age of AD, it is particularly significant to study the causes and pathogenesis of AD and how to prevent and treat it. This paper introduces the main stages of the process of AD, introduces two hypotheses -- tau hypothesis and amyloid interpretation，and the role of RNA splicing in this process is summarized. In addition, in order to provide more research ideas, the author describes the current treatment options for AD, from the risk factors that may cause AD to the latest specific treatments. The treatment approach suggests that both at-risk patients and those without underlying diseases make early lifestyle and dietary adjustments and gradually move towards a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the incidence of Alzheimer's and the financial burden on families and society. This is in addition to early drug treatment to lessen the suffering and life experience of Alzheimer's patients.