Mechanism and reaction rate of the karl-fischer titration reaction: Part I. Potentiometric measurements

Abstract

The reaction rate of the coulometric variant of the Karl-Fischer titration reaction (in which electrolytically generated triiodide is used as oxidant instead of iodine) has been measured in methanol. The reaction is first order in water, sulfur dioxide and triiodide, respectively. For pH<5 the reaction rate constant decreases logarithmically with decreasing pH. Addition of pyridine solely influences the pH (by fixing it to a value of about 6) and has no direct influence on the reaction rate. A linear relation exists between the reaction rate constant and the reciprocal value of the iodide concentration, from which we can calculate the individual reaction rates for the oxidation by iodine and triiodide, respectively. While the reaction rate constant for triiodide is relatively small ( k 3≈350 l 2 mol −2s −1), the reaction rate constant for iodine is much larger ( k 3≈1.5×10 7 l 2 mol −2 s −1.