Abstract
Modifications like camouflage and mimicry are adaptive strategies for better protection, which evolved through many changes at the morphological, physiological and molecular level. To understand these changes many researchers have used nymphalid ground plan (NGP) as a key element in the analysis of butterfly wing pattern complexities and diversity. They have also used physiological and molecular basis to unravel the butterfly complexity and diversity. This review is an attempt to understand the mechanisms and modifications associated with camouflage and mimicry in the butterfly.
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