Abstract
In this paper, a review of the compatibility of polymeric membranes with lignocellulosic biomass is presented. The structure and composition of lignocellulosic biomass which could enhance membrane fabrications are considered. However, strong cell walls and interchain hindrances have limited the commercial-scale applications of raw lignocellulosic biomasses. These shortcomings can be surpassed to improve lignocellulosic biomass applications by using the proposed pretreatment methods, including physical and chemical methods, before incorporation into a single-polymer or copolymer matrix. It is imperative to understand the characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass and polymeric membranes, as well as to investigate membrane materials and how the separation performance of polymeric membranes containing lignocellulosic biomass can be influenced. Hence, lignocellulosic biomass and polymer modification and interfacial morphology improvement become necessary in producing mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). In general, the present study has shown that future membrane generations could attain high performance, e.g., CO2 separation using MMMs containing pretreated lignocellulosic biomasses with reachable hydroxyl group radicals.
Highlights
The world population as estimated in 2020 was about 7.7 billion, with projected increases of about30% by 2050 and around 2100, to 9.7 billion and 11.2 billion, respectively [1]
The comparisons made among these gases have led to the recognition of the adverse effects from the amount of released carbon dioxide and have made it the main acid gas to be investigated to reduce greenhouse gases’
Kumar et al [124] established that lignin removal increases hemicellulose and cellulose accessibility, which will enhance their OH groups’ availability for different applications
Summary
The world population as estimated in 2020 was about 7.7 billion, with projected increases of about. CO2 elimination in the Natural gasuntil purification by the aremoval of acid gases especially has passed through different atmosphere is not exceeding of the emitted amount,membranes, while the destruction of ozone layers and separation processes such ashalf absorption, adsorption, and cryogenic distillation. Method is chemical adsorption and suggested that improving the performance of membranes can be aancomprehensive collective approach will be required for CO from the flue and natural alternative forand future promising gas separation. Yang et al [14] carried out the economic comparison for the power plant flue gas CO2 capture They posited that the most cost-effective method is chemical adsorption and suggested that improving the performance of membranes can be an alternative for future promising gas separation.
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