Abstract
The paper reviews some results for the development of models, calculation methods and experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior (deformation and fracture) of nanoscale objects and nanoparticle-containing materials (nanocomposites). The application of approaches and methods of solid mechanics to nanotechnology simulation is considered. We discuss discrete-continuous models developed for the description of deformation processes in nanoscale objects (systems containing multiple atomic layers, nanotubes and their systems, nanocoatings) and nanoparticle-reinforced materials. The processes of defect formation in them are studied. The opportunity of calculating and estimating effective strain characteristics of the given objects and materials with regard to their structure is analyzed. The notions, models and experimental results concerning the strength and fracture of nanomaterials and nanotubes are discussed with regard to the influence of structure, presence and generation of defects, scale factor and dislocation mechanisms of plastic deformation as applied to nanomaterials. The atomic models of cracks in deformed solids and their relation to the continuous models of cracks in the mechanics of brittle and quasi-brittle fracture are examined. The experimental determination of strain and strength properties as well as fracture resistance parameters of nanomaterials and nanoobjects is considered.
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