Mechanics and mechanisms of delamination in a poly(ether sulphone)—Fibre composite

Abstract

The interlaminar fracture behaviour of AS4/PES (poly(ether sulphone)) composite has been investigated in Mode I, Mode II and for fixed Mode I to Mode II ratios of 0·84, 1·33 and 2·13. The data obtained from these tests have been analysed using several different analytical approaches. The results obtained show that in Mode I the interlaminar crack growth in double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens is accompanied by fibre bridging behind the crack tip and by splitting at the crack tip, and in Mode II by the formation of a damage zone at the crack tip. These failure mechanisms are shown to increase the value of the interlaminar fracture energy considerably as the crack propagates through the composite, i.e. a rising ‘R-curve’ is measured. It is shown also that the value of the interlaminar fracture energy at crack initiation in Mode I, G CI (init), increases as the length of the initial precrack is increased. The lowest G IC (init) value obtained for the poly(ether sulphone) (PES) composite in this study is 0·8 kJm −2, and this value was ascertained from a specimen with the precrack being grown by about 2 mm ahead of the initial crack ( a 0 = 23 mm, a p = 25 mm ). The typical Mode II steady-state propagation energy, G IIC (s/s-prop), value obtained for the specimens was about 2·0 kJm −2. The length of the initial precrack had no significant effect on the G IIC (init) and G I/IIC (init) values. The Mode II tests gave values of G IIC (init) = 1·25 kJm −2 and of G IIC (s/s-prop) = 1·85 kJm −2 . Finally, the failure loci for the PES composite have been constructed and theoretical expressions to describe these data considered.