Mechanical properties variation of cortical bone with type of loading using FEM

Abstract

Bone is known to be a natural composite material with variation of mechanical properties depending on the location and orientation of specimen extracted. In this study, specimens of cortical bone extracted from three different locations and two different orientations were modelled in Abaqus by considering the material of cortical bone to be anisotropic in nature. The stress–strain curves of specimens for both transverse and longitudinal orientation for compressive and tensile testing has been plotted. It has been found from the curves that the specimen belonging to upper diaphysis has more values of mechanical properties in comparison to other specimen-type for both compressive and tensile testing. It has also been observed that the compressive test shows more value of yield stress, elastic modulus and ultimate stress in comparison to tensile test that is the cortical bone can wear more load in the compressive direction. The values of mechanical properties found to be more for longitudinal orientation in comparison to transverse orientation. The results obtained found a good relation with the existing literature.