Abstract
This study focused on the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of high-wear-resistance steel (HWS) deposited using directed energy deposition (DED) for metal substrate hardfacing or repairing. As post-deposition heat treatment changes the metallurgical characteristics of deposits, the effect of post-deposition heat treatment on the mechanical properties was investigated via microstructure observation and by conducting hardness, wear, and impact tests. The obtained micro-images showed that the deposited HWS layers exhibit cellular and columnar dendrites, and the microstructure of heat-treated HWS (HT-HWS) transformed its phase during quenching and tempering. The hardness and wear resistance of the HT-HWS deposits were higher than those of the HWS deposited specimen, whereas the latter exhibited a higher fracture toughness. The matrix microstructure and carbide characteristics, which are characterized by the chemical composition of the materials, significantly influenced the mechanical properties.
Highlights
The directed energy deposition (DED) process can be used for hard facing of the die surface and repair of products with a short lifetime to give a superior fine microstructure and strong fusion between the base materials and the deposited layer [1]
The results show different XRD patterns depending on the chemical compositions post-deposition heat treatment, with gamma
The results show different XRD patterns depending on the chemical compositions and only gamma and alpha prime are patterned (Figure 5b)
Summary
The directed energy deposition (DED) process can be used for hard facing of the die surface and repair of products with a short lifetime to give a superior fine microstructure and strong fusion between the base materials and the deposited layer [1]. The mechanical properties of the deposited layer obtained using the DED technique depend on the materials to be melted [2]. For hardfacing and repairing, it is necessary to confirm the required mechanical and metallurgical characteristics. This topic is closely related to general strengthening mechanisms of materials. The chemical composition of the material is an important factor related to mechanical properties. In the forming and shearing of advanced high strength steel (AHSS) sheet metals, which have a high tensile strength, the conventional die steel (D2) is limited because of premature wear and fracture
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