Mechanical properties of the scapholunate ligament correlate with bone mineral density measurements of the hand

Abstract

The mechanical properties of the scapholunate ligament have been previously examined in small sample sizes, with ultimate load and occasionally stiffness reported. The present study examined 16 scapholunate ligaments in uniaxial extension at two rates and determined stiffness, ultimate load, and stress relaxation properties. Mean stiffness values of 66.4 ± 28.6 N/mm at an elongation rate of 50 mm/min and 94.5 ± 44.4 N/mm at an elongation rate of 100 mm/min were found. Relaxation behavior, determined by the percent load remaining after 100 s, was found to be 68.1 ± 12%. Mean ligament ultimate loads were 357 ± 110 N ( n=8). In eight specimens, failure occurred in bone. Positive correlations were observed between bone mineral density of the hand and ligament stiffness, ligament ultimate load, and bone ultimate load. No correlation was observed between bone mineral density and ligament load relaxation behavior. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of scapholunate ligament biomechanics and demonstrate a relationship between bone and ligament properties.