Abstract
Steelmaking slag is one of the most massive industrial by-products generated during steelmaking processes. This paper presents the current steelmaking slag production status and its potential to use as mineral aggregates in base/sub-base layer of road pavement. The mechanical properties of steelmaking slag were confirmed by the test method specified in Vietnam specification. The volume stability test of the slag was conducted based on JIS A 5015-2018 (Japanese Industrial Standard: Iron and steel slag for road construction). From the results, it was confirmed that steelmaking slag can satisfy all the mechanical requirements specified in Vietnam specification and the requirements regarding stability specified in JIS A 5015-2018. In addition, it was found that the elastic modulus of steelmaking slag applied as a base or sub-base layer in pavement was higher than that of the conventional graded aggregate made from mineral aggregate. Therefore, the thickness of pavement can be reduced by using steelmaking slag, and the construction cost can be lower.
Highlights
Application of industrial waste or by-product in highway construction is a major topic by researchers, government officers, and engineers these days (Dang et al 2021)
It can be categorized as carbon steel slag and stainless steel slag according to the type
Huang et al (2012) showed that the steel and steel slag annual output of 2010 in China reached to 626.7 million tons and 90 million tons respectively and the utilization rate of steel slag in China is about 22%, far behind the developed countries like the USA, Japan, Germany, and France, of which the rates have been close to 100%
Summary
Application of industrial waste or by-product in highway construction is a major topic by researchers, government officers, and engineers these days (Dang et al 2021). The optimal moisture content of steel slag was conducted based on 22TCN 333 (2006) (or AASHTO T180) This test method determines the relationship between the moisture content and the dried density of slag compacted in a mould by Proctor device. In order to having the resilient modulus of iron and steel slag used in sub-base layer in Vietnam, a small pilot section or small hole which sizes were about 1.64 m, 1.42 m, and 1.42 m in height, length, and width, respectively, was created. According to 22TCN 211 (2006) or relationship between resilient moduli based multi-layer elastic theory, the average resilient modulus of steel slag (E1) shall be calculated by the following formula: Fig. 3 Reinforced concrete hole, hand compactor, and measure the degree of compaction. When using 95% of confidence level from 9 positions, the resilient modulus of steel slag was 268 MPa
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