Abstract
The main objective of this article is to develop ceramic-based materials for additive layer manufacturing (3D printing technology) that are suitable for civil engineering applications. This article is focused on fly ash-based fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites. It is based on experimental research, especially research comparing mechanical properties, such as compressive and flexural strength for designed compositions. The comparison includes various composites (short fiber-reinforced geopolymers and plain samples), different times of curing (investigation after 7 and 28 days), and two technologies of manufacturing (casted and injected samples—simulations of the 3D printing process). The geopolymer matrix is based on class F fly ash. The reinforcements were green tow flax and carbon fibers. The achieved results show that the mechanical properties of the new composites made by injection methods (simulations of 3D technology) are comparable with those of the traditional casting process. This article also discusses the influence of fiber on the mechanical properties of the composites. It shows that the addition of short fibers could have a similar influence on both of the technologies.
Highlights
IntroductionCO2 emissions and preserve natural resources [1]
In the 21st century, cementless blended composites can be used in construction materials to reduceCO2 emissions and preserve natural resources [1]
The samples reinforced by flax fiber achieved values 1.54 g/cm3 and 1.48 g/cm3 respectively
Summary
CO2 emissions and preserve natural resources [1]. This is a significant and innovative topic for material research. In accordance with resource sustainability, these composites should be used in eco-friendly or environmentally friendly materials to replace the cement. There is an increasing interest in the use of cementless blenders (known as alkali-activated binders) and geopolymers. Several industrial wastes or by-products have been used for the production of geopolymer composites, such as fly ash, slag or metakaolin [3,4]. The geopolymers provide cementless blenders that are more competent and perform better than the conventional cement-based composites [5]. The advantages of geopolymers can be capitalized on by reusing by-products or waste as full cement replacement for binding materials
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