Abstract
The production of concrete emits greenhouse gases which aggravate global warming. Meanwhile, ceramic tile wastes generated from manufacturing factories, construction sites, and building demolition projects disposed of by landfills create land and water pollution. Therefore, in this study, the suitability of ceramic tile wastes (CTW) in powder form to partially replace cement in lightweight foamed concrete was investigated with the aim to discover a greener construction material. Once the research outputs show that the ceramic tile dust can appropriately serve as a replacement, environmental impact on air, land, and water pollution can all be reduced. Three types of lightweight foamed concrete with 0%, 25%, and 50% ceramic tile wastes as partial cement replacement material were prepared with a target density of 1,200 kg/m3, namely, LFC-CTW0, LFC-CTW25, and LFC-CTW50, respectively. The effects of ceramic tile wastes on the engineering properties of lightweight foamed concrete were investigated. Concrete specimens were water-cured and tested for various mechanical properties at the concrete ages of 7, 28, and 56 days. Results from the lab experiments showed that the incorporation of 25% ceramic tile wastes into lightweight foamed concrete was more feasible than that of 50%. LFC-CTW25, which performed better than LFC-CTW0 for the splitting tensile strength test at day 56. The results for the compressive strength test, modulus of elasticity, and compressive toughness test showed a minor reduction after the incorporation of ceramic tile wastes. Based on the results, it can be concluded that it is feasible to use ceramic tile wastes up to 25% as partial cement replacement material to produce foamed concrete.
Highlights
Foamed concrete is a cellular concrete class under lightweight concrete because it is a low-density concrete
Some conclusions can be drawn based on the following study: 1. The optimal water-to-cement ratio is achievable at the range of 0.60–0.64 for lightweight foamed concrete with a density of 1,200 kg/m3
The incorporation of ceramic tile waste powder into foamed concrete decreases the workability when the cement replacement proportion increases due to the larger BET surface area of the ceramic tile waste powder
Summary
Foamed concrete is a cellular concrete class under lightweight concrete because it is a low-density concrete. Foamed concrete is a cementitious material formed by mechanically entraining foams into plastic mortar during the mixing stage with a minimum volume of 20%. Foamed concrete has the characteristics related to its fluidity, low self-weight, and excellent thermal and sound insulation properties (Zhao et al, 2015). Foam volume added into plastic mortar is usually around 40%–80% out of the total volume, and the bubbles’ diameter typically varies from 0.1 to Foamed Concrete with Ceramic Tile Wastes. In terms of 28 days, compressive strength and dry density of foamed concrete range from 1 to 10 N/mm and 400 to 1,600 kg/m3 respectively, where the compressive strength has increased exponentially in relation with the dry density. The results of strength and density vary with the mixed composition of base materials (Brady et al, 2001)
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