Abstract
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) possesses both good shape stability and possible two-way force transfer ability due to its crosswise lamination. However, the transverse layers in CLT are prone to rolling shear failure under an out-of-plane load. An innovative multi-layer composite laminated panel (CLP) was developed by combining structural composite lumber (SCL) and dimension lumber to overcome the rolling shear failure while maintaining the high mechanical performance and aesthetic appearance of natural wood. The mechanical properties of 5-layer CLP that consisted of laminated strand lumber (LSL) and dimension lumber with different layups were evaluated by both static and modal tests. The results showed that the shear resistance, bending stiffness, and moment resistance of CLP were up to 143%, 43%, and 87% higher than their counterparts of regular CLT, respectively. The failure modes observed in both shear and bending tests indicated that the use of LSL in transverse layers could eliminate the potential rolling shear failure in CLT. With the lamination properties from components tests as inputs, the validity of shear analogy method was assessed by test results. The mechanical properties can be well predicted by shear analogy method except for the bending moment resistance of CLP and CLT with either rolling failure in the cross layer or tension failure in the bottom layer.
Highlights
Mass timber is an emerging building material that has gained popularity worldwide with the development of mass timber construction in recent years
Mass timber panels (MTPs) cover a broad range of wood products from the well-known traditional, parallel-laminated elements including glued-laminated timber (GLT), nail-laminated timber (NLT), and dowel-laminated timber (DLT) to the popular cross-laminated timber (CLT) and structural composite lumber (SCL)
This paper presents the mechanical properties of 5-layer composite laminated panel (CLP) including apparent and effective bending stiffness, moment resistance, shear resistance, and stiffness, together with the failure modes
Summary
Mass timber is an emerging building material that has gained popularity worldwide with the development of mass timber construction in recent years. Mass timber panels (MTPs) are often referred to as panelized engineered wood products of a large dimension and cross section. MTPs cover a broad range of wood products from the well-known traditional, parallel-laminated elements including glued-laminated timber (GLT), nail-laminated timber (NLT), and dowel-laminated timber (DLT) to the popular cross-laminated timber (CLT) and structural composite lumber (SCL). GLT, NLT, and DLT are manufactured by edge-gluing, nail-jointing, and dowel-jointing lumber planks with the wood grain of all planks aligned in the same direction, respectively. They are often used as one-way floor slabs in mass timber construction. Due to the orthogonal layer arrangement, CLT has the benefit of resisting out-of-plane loading through the two-way action of the panel plane. Edge-gluing is not Buildings 2018, 8, 142; doi:10.3390/buildings8100142 www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings
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