Abstract
Introduction. The lack of evidence regarding the best available material for restoring occlusal-proximal cavities in primary teeth leads to the development of new restorative material, with nanoparticles, in order to enhance mechanical properties, resulting in increased restoration longevity.Aim.To evaluate the Knoop hardness and bond strength of nanoparticles material glass carbomer cement (CAR) and high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC) in sound and caries-affected dentin.Methods.Forty bovine incisors were selected and assigned into four groups (n=10): SGIC, sound dentin and GIC; SCAR, sound dentin and CAR; CGIC, caries-affected dentin and GIC; and CCAR, caries-affected dentin and CAR. All groups were submitted to microshear bond strength (MPa). Knoop hardness was also performed. Bond strength values were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Knoop hardness data were subjected to one-way ANOVA.Results.GIC presented higher Knoop hardness (P<0.001) and bond strength (P=0.027) than CAR. Also, both materials showed better performance in sound than in caries-affected substrates (P=0.001). The interaction between factors was not statistically different (P=0.494).Conclusion.Despite nanoparticles, CAR shows inferior performance as compared to GIC for the two properties testedin vitro. Moreover, sound dentin results in better bonding performance of both restorative materials evaluated.
Highlights
The lack of evidence regarding the best available material for restoring occlusal-proximal cavities in primary teeth leads to the development of new restorative material, with nanoparticles, in order to enhance mechanical properties, resulting in increased restoration longevity
The glass ionomer cement (GIC) polyacrylic acid promotes the exposure of collagens fibers and the ionomeric components of GIC diffuse through this collagen matrix, establishing micromechanical retention
The literature shows that it has nanosized powder particles and fluorapatite as a secondary payload, which is claimed to improve the compressive strength and resistance [24], this is the first study that compared the bond strength and hardness of CAR with GIC, and the results showed that the high-viscosity GIC resulted in higher bond strength and Knoop hardness than the CAR
Summary
The lack of evidence regarding the best available material for restoring occlusal-proximal cavities in primary teeth leads to the development of new restorative material, with nanoparticles, in order to enhance mechanical properties, resulting in increased restoration longevity. GIC presented higher Knoop hardness (P < 0.001) and bond strength (P = 0.027) than CAR Both materials showed better performance in sound than in caries-affected substrates (P = 0.001). The material of choice for ART restoration is the highviscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC), due to its biocompatibility, facility of use, antimicrobial effect, and chemical bonding to tooth structures, resulting in an efficient marginal sealing [3]. This material releases and uptakes fluoride, benefiting the remineralization of restored tooth [4, 5] and the surfaces adjacent to restorations [6]. The second principle (and the most important) is based on an ionic interaction between the carboxyl groups of the polyacrylic acid and the calcium ions of the hydroxyapatite that remains bonded to the tooth collagen fibers
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